21.10 Characteristics of Lights That Enhance Pedestrian Visibility Several factors influence the visibility of pedestrians under street lights. These include the light source’s intensity and color spectrum, color and reflectivity of pedestrian clothing, road surface...
21.8 Countermeasures for Improving Pedestrian Conspicuity at Crosswalks While flashing lights and beacons located at midblock and intersection crosswalks alert motorists to the presence of pedestrians in crosswalks, they do not necessarily enhance pedestrian...
21.4 Nighttime Driving Headlamp intensity, ambient lighting, and glare all influence how far downstream a motorists can see and their ability to detect and respond to signs. Table 21.2 lists treatments that can reduce nighttime crashes, encourage lower speeds, and...
20.6 Markings for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety Pedestrian markings and other pavement markings (e.g., shared lane markings) foster safe road sharing between vehicles, pedestrians, and micromobility users. Crosswalks are a pedestrian marking that function as...
20.4 Effectiveness of Symbolic Markings Horizontal signing is sign text painted on the road. It conveys information to drivers without requiring them to look away from the road. For maximum effectiveness, horizontal signs should consist of large, simple elements and...
18.4 Sign Design to Improve Legibility While road designers are not responsible for designing signs, they do review signing plans. As such, understanding methods for improving sign legibility is helpful for verifying that all signs installed along a route are readable...
