16.4 Countermeasures for Pavement/Shoulder Drop-Offs Shoulder drop-offs are present where the pavement surface and roadside surface differ in height (from a fraction of an inch to several inches). Height differences typically result from rutting erosion, excessive...
16.2 Passing Lanes The addition of passing lanes on two-lane roads can improve traffic operations and minimize motorist frustration by giving faster-moving vehicles a designated lane in which to bypass slower traffic. Table 16.1 lists design parameters for passing...
15.10 Sight Distance Considerations for Urban Bus Stop Locations Where bus stops are placed depends on several factors, including vehicle delays, bus delays, pedestrian waiting areas, cost, and safety. Table 15.4 highlights sight distance considerations for stops...
15.8 Signage and Markings for High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) Lanes HOV lanes reduce travel times and increase level of service for buses and other HOVs. Good signage and markings are critical for communicating rules for using these lanes. Table 15.3 lists design...
15.6 Methods to Reduce Driver Speeds in School Zones Traffic control devices and pavement markings are valuable for encouraging motorists to drive at lower speeds in school zones. Table 15.2 provides operational and design guidelines for school zones. Table 15.2...
15.2 Methods to Increase Driver Yielding at Uncontrolled Crosswalks An uncontrolled crosswalk is in a location that lacks stop or signal control (e.g., midblock intersection). Pedestrians using marked crosswalks and drivers approaching these crosswalks require...
