21.4 Nighttime Driving Headlamp intensity, ambient lighting, and glare all influence how far downstream a motorists can see and their ability to detect and respond to signs. Table 21.2 lists treatments that can reduce nighttime crashes, encourage lower speeds, and...
20.10 Markings for Roundabouts Roundabout markings must clearly communicate to motorists and other users information about a roundabout’s operation to ensure safe navigation. Yellow lines indicate opposing traffic and white lines signify traffic moving in the same...
20.8 Post-Mounted Delineators Post-mounted delineators are retroreflective marking devices mounted above a road surface to the side of a road. They are installed in series to indicate road alignment and help clarify the alignment in areas where it is confusing or...
20.6 Markings for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety Pedestrian markings and other pavement markings (e.g., shared lane markings) foster safe road sharing between vehicles, pedestrians, and micromobility users. Crosswalks are a pedestrian marking that function as...
20.4 Effectiveness of Symbolic Markings Horizontal signing is sign text painted on the road. It conveys information to drivers without requiring them to look away from the road. For maximum effectiveness, horizontal signs should consist of large, simple elements and...
20.2 Visibility of Lane Markings Motorists must be able to clearly see longitudinal lane markings to follow them. Lane markings are designed for a specific preview time, which is the amount of time motorists look ahead on the road. Both marking width and...
