30.2 Reducing Vehicle Speeds Approaching Roundabouts Lowering the speed of vehicles approaching roundabouts improves yielding behavior, heightens motorist awareness of pedestrians and bicyclists, and mitigates crash severity. Designers can leverage several strategies...
28.16 Pedestrian Rail Crossing Safety Design features and/or warning devices at rail crossings need to provide pedestrians enough warning of approaching trains, force the pedestrian to look for trains, or prevent crossings entirely. Table 28.5 lists design guidelines...
21.12 Characteristics of Effective Lighting at Intersections Fixed intersection lighting should enhance intersection visibility while minimizing glare. Select a pole height, luminaire type, and luminaire cutoff that provides sufficient, uniform coverage through the...
21.8 Countermeasures for Improving Pedestrian Conspicuity at Crosswalks While flashing lights and beacons located at midblock and intersection crosswalks alert motorists to the presence of pedestrians in crosswalks, they do not necessarily enhance pedestrian...
21.6 Daytime Lighting Requirements for Tunnel Entrance Lighting As motorists approach tunnels, they can have trouble detecting low-visual-contrast objects as the result of glare, discrepancies in illumination, and the process of visually adapting to the tunnel...
21.4 Nighttime Driving Headlamp intensity, ambient lighting, and glare all influence how far downstream a motorists can see and their ability to detect and respond to signs. Table 21.2 lists treatments that can reduce nighttime crashes, encourage lower speeds, and...
