21.12 Characteristics of Effective Lighting at Intersections Fixed intersection lighting should enhance intersection visibility while minimizing glare. Select a pole height, luminaire type, and luminaire cutoff that provides sufficient, uniform coverage through the...
21.10 Characteristics of Lights That Enhance Pedestrian Visibility Several factors influence the visibility of pedestrians under street lights. These include the light source’s intensity and color spectrum, color and reflectivity of pedestrian clothing, road surface...
21.8 Countermeasures for Improving Pedestrian Conspicuity at Crosswalks While flashing lights and beacons located at midblock and intersection crosswalks alert motorists to the presence of pedestrians in crosswalks, they do not necessarily enhance pedestrian...
21.6 Daytime Lighting Requirements for Tunnel Entrance Lighting As motorists approach tunnels, they can have trouble detecting low-visual-contrast objects as the result of glare, discrepancies in illumination, and the process of visually adapting to the tunnel...
21.4 Nighttime Driving Headlamp intensity, ambient lighting, and glare all influence how far downstream a motorists can see and their ability to detect and respond to signs. Table 21.2 lists treatments that can reduce nighttime crashes, encourage lower speeds, and...
21.2 Countermeasures for Mitigating Headlamp Glare When a motorist encounters glare from other vehicles, they may experience discomfort or reduced visibility. Several design solutions are available to mitigate the effects of glare, and each carries its own advantages...
