28.4 Countermeasures to Reduce Pedestrian Exposure to Vehicles at Crossings Several countermeasures are available to physically protect pedestrians from traffic and reduce the amount of time required to cross a street. Table 28.1 lists design guidelines for three...
28.2 Task Analysis of Pedestrian Crossing in a Multiple Threat Scenario On a four-lane divided highway, a pedestrian who crosses in front of a stopped vehicle is exposed to a higher risk of being struck by a second vehicle traveling in the adjacent lane. Designs can...
21.12 Characteristics of Effective Lighting at Intersections Fixed intersection lighting should enhance intersection visibility while minimizing glare. Select a pole height, luminaire type, and luminaire cutoff that provides sufficient, uniform coverage through the...
21.10 Characteristics of Lights That Enhance Pedestrian Visibility Several factors influence the visibility of pedestrians under street lights. These include the light source’s intensity and color spectrum, color and reflectivity of pedestrian clothing, road surface...
21.8 Countermeasures for Improving Pedestrian Conspicuity at Crosswalks While flashing lights and beacons located at midblock and intersection crosswalks alert motorists to the presence of pedestrians in crosswalks, they do not necessarily enhance pedestrian...
21.6 Daytime Lighting Requirements for Tunnel Entrance Lighting As motorists approach tunnels, they can have trouble detecting low-visual-contrast objects as the result of glare, discrepancies in illumination, and the process of visually adapting to the tunnel...
