21.2 Countermeasures for Mitigating Headlamp Glare When a motorist encounters glare from other vehicles, they may experience discomfort or reduced visibility. Several design solutions are available to mitigate the effects of glare, and each carries its own advantages...
20.8 Post-Mounted Delineators Post-mounted delineators are retroreflective marking devices mounted above a road surface to the side of a road. They are installed in series to indicate road alignment and help clarify the alignment in areas where it is confusing or...
20.6 Markings for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety Pedestrian markings and other pavement markings (e.g., shared lane markings) foster safe road sharing between vehicles, pedestrians, and micromobility users. Crosswalks are a pedestrian marking that function as...
20.4 Effectiveness of Symbolic Markings Horizontal signing is sign text painted on the road. It conveys information to drivers without requiring them to look away from the road. For maximum effectiveness, horizontal signs should consist of large, simple elements and...
20.2 Visibility of Lane Markings Motorists must be able to clearly see longitudinal lane markings to follow them. Lane markings are designed for a specific preview time, which is the amount of time motorists look ahead on the road. Both marking width and...
18.10 Complexity of Sign Information Sign complexity is measured by counting the number of information units contained on a sign. Table 18.5 captures the effects of information complexity on motorists. An information unit can describe features such as road type, event...