21.4 Nighttime Driving Headlamp intensity, ambient lighting, and glare all influence how far downstream a motorists can see and their ability to detect and respond to signs. Table 21.2 lists treatments that can reduce nighttime crashes, encourage lower speeds, and...
20.6 Markings for Pedestrian and Bicyclist Safety Pedestrian markings and other pavement markings (e.g., shared lane markings) foster safe road sharing between vehicles, pedestrians, and micromobility users. Crosswalks are a pedestrian marking that function as...
20.4 Effectiveness of Symbolic Markings Horizontal signing is sign text painted on the road. It conveys information to drivers without requiring them to look away from the road. For maximum effectiveness, horizontal signs should consist of large, simple elements and...
18.4 Sign Design to Improve Legibility While road designers are not responsible for designing signs, they do review signing plans. As such, understanding methods for improving sign legibility is helpful for verifying that all signs installed along a route are readable...
18.2 General Principles for Sign Legends Motorists have trouble seeing and processing signs that have too much content or whose messages are too complex. Sign legends must be concise and worded to maximize the comprehension of information presented. Use text-based...
17.6 Effects of Roadway Factors on Speed Geometric, environmental, and traffic-related variables all influence driving speed under free-flow conditions on tangents. Drivers of free-flowing vehicles can select speeds based on their level of comfort and the appearance...
